Entry Mode of Asian Pacific Breweries Essay Example for Free

Entry Mode of Asian Pacific Breweries Essay Singapore: Asian Pacific Breweries first started out in Singapore as a Joint-Venture between Heineken International and Fraser and Neave in the year 1931 and is first known as Malayan Breweries Limited. New Zealand: Asian Pacific Breweries made a 50-50 joint-venture with DB Breweries Ltd which was previously known as DB Group Ltd which is one of the two main brewers in New Zealand and also provides contract packaging services. Cambodia: Asian Pacific Breweries formed a joint-venture with Progress Import and Export which formed Cambodia Brewery Ltd in recognizing that there is a strong beer culture in Cambodia with impressive growth prospect. It was also the first foreign investment to be approved by the Cambodia Investment Board. China: Asian Pacific Brewery formed a 50-50 joint venture with its shareholders, Fraser and Neave, Limited and Heineken in China known as Heineken-APB (China). HAPBC also wholly owns sales and distribution arm of Heineken Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd and holds 21% interests in Kingway Brewery Holdings Ltd and 49% stake Jiangsu DaFuHao Breweries Co. Ltd. Laos: Asian Pacific Breweries opened a brewery in Laos through a joint venture with the Government of Laos and SBK Consultant Ltd on the 12 March 2008. LAPB also imports and distributes Heineken in Laos as the brewery does not produce Heineken beer. Malaysia: Guinness Anchor Bhd was a result of the merger of Guinness Malaysia Bhd and Malayan Sdn Bhd whose parent company is the current Asian Pacific Brewery. Mongolia: Asian Pacific has also formed a 55-45 joint venture with MCS Holdings LLC on 19 June 2007. The company of the joint venture, MCS-Asia Pacific Brewery LLC is five hectares large and is located in Mongolia’s capital city, Ulaanbaatar. Thailand: Asian Pacific Breweries entered Thailand, where the beer consumption is amongst the highest in Asia to form a joint-venture with Thai Life Insurance Company Limited and Thai Pure Drinks Company Limited. The brewery first started brewing only Heineken beer in 1995 and slowly adding the other famous brands from Asian Pacific Breweries to cater to the different consumers in Thailand. Acquisition Indonesia: Asia Pacific Brewery has acquired its place in the beer industry in Indonesia through PT Multi Bintang Indonesia Tbk (MBI). MBI is a key brewery in Indonesia and is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. New Caledonia: Asia Pacific Brewery holds a 87. 3% stake with New Caledonia via Grande Brasserie de Nouvelle Caledonie (GBNC). GBNC is a resulted from the merger of 2 companies and now the sole brewery of New Caledonia. Papau New Guinea: Asia Pacific Brewery acquired a stake of South Pacific Brewery Ltd in 1955. SPB is the sole brewery in Papua New Guinea since 1983 and oversees 2 plants. Sri Lanka: In September 2005, Asia Pacific Brewery has acquired a 60% stake in Asia Pacific Brewery (Lanka) Limited. It was done with a partnership with Sri Lankan-based Anandappa family group and associates and MBL Offshore Limited which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Pheonix Beverages Limited, a leading beverage group from Mauritius. Vietnam: Asian Pacific Brewery has a 60% stakes in Vietnam Brewery Ltd which is started is 1993 and equipped with the fastest, biggest and most advance canning line in Vietnam. India: Asia Pacific Brewery also acquired a 76% stake in India’s Aurangabad Breweries in 2006. Wholly owned Vietnam: Asian Pacific not only acquired a brewery in Vietnam, it also has a wholly owned brewery of its own based in Vietnam. Asian Pacific Brewery (Hanoi) is commissioned in October 2003 and it supplies Vietnam of its Tiger Beer, Anchor Beer and Heineken. Asia Pacific has mostly joint ventures in their businesses in other countries. This might because Asia Pacific Brewery has taken into consideration of the improvements of efficiency through the combined efforts and strengths of the other companies. Also, APB will be able to benefit from the local knowledge of the host country as they will be working with people from there to share and gain more knowledge. Having a joint venture business also means lower risks as costs are shared amongst the partners. APB also gained entry into other countries using the acquisition method. This might be because it a less risky for countries that are not yet very stable and also it is quicker to get into the business.

foolear The Very Foolish King in William Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

The Very Foolish King Lear Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear is a detailed description of the consequences of one man's decisions. This fictitious man is Lear, King of England, whose decisions greatly alter his life and the lives of those around him. As Lear bears the status of King, he is a man of great power, but blindly he surrenders all of this power to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him. This untimely surrender of his throne sets off a chain reaction of events that sends him through a hellish journey. King Lear is a metaphorical description of one man's journey through hell in order to appease his mistake. As the play opens, one can almost immediately see that Lear begins to make mistakes that will eventually result in his downfall. The very first words that he speaks in the play are: Give me the map there. Know that we have divided In three our kingdom; and 'tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age, Conferring them on younger strengths while we Unburdened crawl toward death.(Act I, Sc i, Ln 37-41) This gives the reader the first indication of Lear's intent to relinquish his throne. He is growing old and wants to "shake all cares and business" from his age. In a since he wants to retire from a job that you cannot retire from. He has no son to hand his throne down to, so he must give it to his daughters. He offers his daughters pieces of his kingdom a form of reward to his test of love. Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love, Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn, And here are to be answered. Tell me, my daughters (Since now we will divest us both of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state), Which of you shall we say doth love us most? That we our largest bounty may extend Where nature doth with merit challenge." (Act I, Sc i, Ln 46-53) This is the first and most significant of the many mistakes that he commits in this play. By relinquishing his throne to fuel his ego, he disrupts the great chain of being, which states that the King must not challenge the position that the gods have given him. This undermining the gods' authority results in chaos that tears apart Lear's world, leaving him, in the end, with nothing. Following this, Lear begins to banish those around him that genuinely care for him; he cannot seem to realize who loves him

Leadership Approach Paper Essay

Organizational behavior comes into play to aid management in enhancing their understanding of human behavior within organizations to better communicate, allocate resources, delegate tasks, plan, organize, direct, and control work activities. The main purpose of understanding organizational behavior is to increase leadership effectiveness, motivate workers, and inspire them to work toward a common objective. Although there are many leadership approaches, we will focus on the situational leadership approach. We will analyze the purpose, strengths and weaknesses of the situational leadership approach, and provide an example of how it can be applied to real situations. Situational Leadership Approach As it name suggests, the situational leadership approach states that leaders should use different approaches as situations change. In short, leaders should be flexible, embrace change as it comes, and be capable of adapting to it. The situational leadership approach is a model that was developed by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey in 1972. The theory states that leaders should match their leadership style to the maturity of followers and to the specific tasks on hand (Lerstrom, 2008). As people within organizations acquire more experience and become more knowledgeable about their job, leaders will need to adapt new leadership styles to keep these people motivated. According to May (2013) the core concept of the situational leadership approach is that â€Å"one size does not fit all†. The best leaders are not only those who have a vision, but â€Å"the most successful leaders are the ones who are able to adapt their leadership styles across a broad range of varying maturity levels readily present within the average organization (May, 2013). † Moreover, using the situational leadership approach suggests that leaders use a mix of other leadership approaches to be effective. According to Phatak (2012), â€Å"The philosophy of a leader should be flexible enough to adapt to situations and changing times. We need a mixture of transactional and transformational leadership techniques to get the job done. The basic idea behind this theory is that one must adapt strategy with changing conditions. † Strengths As mentioned earlier, situational leadership allows for more flexibility. As the world evolves, organizations have to make adjustments to survive. Tomasco (2013) states that with the situational leadership approach, leaders get the opportunity to adapt their leadership style to their followers’ needs. Consequently, as leaders effectively match their leadership style to situations and followers’ needs, work activities will run smoothly, interactions will be more successful, relationships will be built up, and followers will achieve optimum performance. Weaknesses Although the situational leadership approach appears to be the best course of action due to its flexibility, it has weaknesses that one cannot ignore. Phatak (2012) explains that constantly changing strategies with time, a leader will find it difficult to implement new strategies on the go. A long term vision may elude him due to constant changes. † Further, Wile (2013) identifies four weaknesses of the situational leadership approach which are confusion, leadership or management, outside factors, and perception. Indeed, followers may become confused as leaders change a newly implemented leadership strategy as a result of changing conditions. The situational leadership approach is often misconstrued with a management strategy to lead employees to achieve better outcomes. One cannot downplay the impact external factors have on organizations and organizational behavior. Leaders should demonstrate their ability to understand the organization’s external environment and to assess followers’ behavior to implement a leadership approach that will work. Finally, people within organizations have different perceptions and react differently in similar situations. Hence, the situational leadership approach may not give accurate predictions of followers’ behavior. Situational Leadership Approach in Real Life Alan Lerstrom from Luther College did a case study using the situational leadership approach in which he demonstrated how academic advisors can alter their leadership style based on students’ maturity as they advance higher in their studies. Lerstrom applied the Hersey and Blanchard’s model of situational leadership in the case study. The model suggests that effective leaders will adjust their leadership styles in accordance with changing situations and followers’ maturity. According to Lerstrom (2008), Jay, the student in the case study began showing signs of maturity as he better understood the major he wanted to pursue and classes he needed to enroll in. Also, Jay became more confident about his abilities, understood the requirements associated with his major, and was more willing to communicate with the advisor. â€Å"Situational leadership provide theoretical and practical tools that help advisors in understanding changes in the readiness levels of their students, and it suggests patterns for relating to students (Lerstrom, 2008, p. 7). † Conclusion Situational leadership is the approach that states that leaders must be flexible enough to adapt their leadership styles to changing situations, to specific tasks, and to organizational behavior. This study showed that although the situational leadership approach yields positive outcomes it has weaknesses. Thus, it is important to leverage the strengths of the approach to alleviate its weaknesses. For increased effectiveness, leaders will need to use organizational behavior research methods to better understand the situations at hand, their followers’ perceptions, and the organization’s internal and external environments. This method will provide guidance in applying the appropriate leadership style. References Lerstrom, A. C. Advising Jay: A Case Study Using a Situational Leadership Approach. NACADA Journal; Fall2008, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p21-27, 7p May, R. (2013). Basics of the Situational Leadership Model. Retrieved from http://www. businessdictionary. com/article/724/basics-of-the-situational-leade rship-model/ Phatak, O. (June 20, 2012). Pros and Cons of Leadership Theories.

Essay on The Messianic Idea in Judaism - 1116 Words

The Messianic Idea in Judaism Belief in the eventual coming of the moshiach is a basic and fundamental part of traditional Judaism. It is part of Rambams 13 Principles of Faith, the minimum requirements of Jewish belief. In the Shemoneh Esrei prayer, recited three times daily, we pray for all of the elements of the coming of the moshiach: ingathering of the exiles; restoration of the religious courts of justice; an end of wickedness, sin and heresy; reward to the righteous; rebuilding of Jerusalem; restoration of the line of King David; and restoration of Temple service. Modern scholars suggest that the messianic concept was introduced later in the history of Judaism, during the age of the prophets. They note that the messianic†¦show more content†¦The word moshiach will be used throughout this page. The Moshiach The moshiach will be a great political leader descended from King David (Jeremiah 23:5). The moshiach is often referred to as moshiach ben David (moshiach, son of David). He will be well-versed in Jewish law, and observant of its commandments. (Isaiah 11:2-5) He will be a charismatic leader, inspiring others to follow his example. He will be a great military leader, who will win battles for Israel. He will be a great judge, who makes righteous decisions (Jeremiah 33:15). But above all, he will be a human being, not a god, demi-god or other supernatural being. It has been said that in every generation, a person is born with the potential to be the moshiach. If the time is right for the messianic age within that persons lifetime, then that person will be the moshiach. But if that person dies before he completes the mission of the moshiach, then that person is not the moshiach. When Will the Moshiach Come? There are a wide variety of opinions on the subject of when the moshiach will come. Some of Judaisms greatest minds have cursed those who try to predict the time of the moshiachs coming, because errors in such predictions could cause people to lose faith in the messianic idea or in Judaism itself. This actually happened in the 17th century, when Shabbatai TzviShow MoreRelatedRedemption And Utopia1367 Words   |  6 Pagesanyone associated with the implementation of a special mission, rushed by G-d, but their status was still emptied of the eschatological and unique character of the person â€Å"Messiah† as would be reinforced later by biblical hermeneutics. The history of Judaism of the post-exilic period gave rise to a complex set of beliefs towards the expectations about the future: resurrection of the body, eternal reward and punishment, final judgment, heaven, retribution and the Messiah. 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